In this example, a compact Ku-band antenna array is demonstrated for use in mobile device applications. The antenna is tuned for 12.5 GHz operation and contains a 4x4 array of elements which each consist of a set of patch antennas oriented and phased to produce a circularly-polarized far field pattern. The antenna array has peak gain over 20.7 dBi with sidelobes less than 8 dBi and a 3 dB beamwidth of about 15 degrees.
A 140 GHz slot antenna array excited by a substrate integrated cavity is demonstrated for use in wireless communications. The antenna array has high gain, wide bandwidth, low fabrication costs, and small size, which make it an effective design. The final 8x8 antenna array has bandwidth from 130 to 145 GHz, peak gain of 20.5 dBi, and radiation efficiency around 60%.
This example demonstrates the performance of a remote camera with two-element antenna arrays for 2.4, 5, and 6 GHz capabilities for 802.11 a/b/g/n/ac/ax. The maximum coverage possible at each frequency is discussed to demonstrate the capabilities of the device as part of a connected home system communicating with a MU-MIMO router.
A dual-band, dielectric-loaded horn antenna is analyzed with XFdtd to demonstrate performance at 94 and 340 GHz. The antenna consists of a dual port rectangular waveguide section at the feed end that transitions to a circular waveguide and then a conical horn at the output side. The horn structure radiates the 94 GHz signal while a tapered dielectric block in the center of the structure guides the 340 GHz fields. The antenna has a strong single beam with a peak gain around 18 dBi that is symmetrical in the E and H planes.
At higher frequencies, the use of dielectric resonator antennas (DRAs) at fundamental modes can be complicated due to the small size of the resonator and its sensitivity to fabrication errors. In this example, a wideband millimeter wave cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna with a taller profile is considered, which produces higher order modes. The use of higher order modes can sometimes lead to reduced bandwidth, but here the HEM113 and HEM115 modes are merged to provide a wider bandwidth of operation.
Two variations of a cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna are analyzed to determine their performance characteristics. The first antenna is designed for dual-band performance at DCS frequencies (1.71-1.88 GHz) and WLAN (2.4-2.48 GHz) while the second has wideband performance covering the WLAN and lower WiMAX bands (up to 2.69 GHz). Both antennas feature dual-polarization performance for diversity from the same structure.
A millimeter wave antenna intended to operate at 60 GHz is designed by placing a cylindrical dielectric resonator on a silicon base for an on-chip design. The antenna produces a uniform, nearly spherical pattern with peak gain of about 2.5 dBi, 60% efficiency, and a bandwidth over 2.5 GHz. The antenna is intended for wireless personal area network (WPAN) use.
A circularly polarized dielectric resonator antenna design is analyzed with XFdtd to determine performance for return loss, gain, and axial ratio. The resulting antenna is intended for use in compass navigation satellite systems where wide impedance bandwidth, good radiation efficiency, and stable radiation patterns are desired. The antenna, which used a dielectric block with permittivity of 20.5, is shown to perform well, and results are given at communication frequencies of interest at 1.268 and 1.561 GHz.
We simulate the performance of a leaky wave antenna implemented on a slotted substrate integrated waveguide. The antenna produces narrow beams that scan from near broadside to endfire as the frequency increases. The antenna has a wide impedance bandwidth and efficiency that improves with an increase in the operating frequency.
A 60 GHz antenna array design is simulated in XFdtd to demonstrate suitability for use on wireless Virtual Reality headsets. The resulting array produces a fan beam which may be steered by varying the phasing between the elements resulting in broad coverage. The design is simulated mounted on a section of a virtual reality visor.
This example uses XFdtd to simulate the performance of a low cost, chipless RFID system. The RFID tag is comprised of two ultrawide band monopole disk antennas mounted in a cross-polarized configuration combined with a microstrip line adjacent to six varying size spiral resonators which each represent a single bit in the RFID tag code. The system is validated using two cross-polarized log periodic dipole arrays as the send and receive devices.
This example is a more complete device for 28 GHz beamforming for 5G networks and includes an 8x8 patch antenna array, 1 to 8 power dividers and a Rotman lens initial stage. The design of the Rotman lens is performed using Remcom’s Rotman Lens Designer® (RLD) software, which produces a CAD version of the device for use in XFdtd®. In XFdtd, a set of eight 1 to 8 Wilkinson stripline power divider networks is designed to act as the connection between the Rotman lens and the antenna array. The performance of each stage is simulated and evaluated.
Series-fed patch elements forming an array are simulated to demonstrate antenna performance and beamforming including S-parameters, gain, and effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP) at 28 GHz. Beam steering is performed in one plane by adjusting the phasing at the input ports to each of eight elements.
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